11-13). The Mark of the Beast. The Bible also contains specific promises about the new earth. Posts 54,436. Leon Morris points out that in the book of Revelation the word throne is used forty-seven times and that all but three of these thrones (2:13; 13:2; 16:10) appear to be in heaven.4 When we add to this consideration the fact that John sees the souls of those who had been beheaded, we are confirmed in the conclusion that the locale of Johns vision has now shifted to heaven. 65:17-25) are quoted from the New Scofield Bible (New York: Oxford University Press, 1967) which gives the King James Version with only a few minor revisions. Amillennialists also believe, however, that these signs of the times will have a climactic final fulfillment just before Christ returns. And given the breakneck pace of the advance being made in all forms of technology, it is only natural that futurists would see Johns reference to the mark of the beast as somehow connected to the technological advantage by which the beast and false prophet will enslave the inhabitants of the world and deceive them into worshiping the Antichrist.As futurists see it, when John speaks of the mark of the beast, hes essentially predicting that some future form of technology will be utilized by Antichrist to dominate and control the worlds population. Conversely, believers who remained faithful to their Lord are described as those who were victorious over the beast (15:2) or who did not worship the beast or his image (13:15). resurrection of those dead, after death has no power, that the resurrected be saved); they spiritualize the first resurrection (Rev. Professor Hoekema spent two sabbatical years in Cambridge, England (1965-66, 1973-74) and has written The Four Major Cults (1963), What about Tongue-Speaking? It suggests that amillennialists either do not believe in any millennium or that they simply ignore the first six verses of Revelation 20, which speak of a millennial reign. The names of these beliefs (including premillennialism and postmillennialism) do not refer to when the millennial kingdom will occur, but to when Christ will return to earth in relation to the kingdom. Peter speaks of new heavens and a new earth in which righteousness shall dwell (2 Pet. Let us look first of all at Isaiah 11:6-9 as rendered by the New Scofield Bible: The wolf also shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the kid; and the calf and the young lion and the fatling together, and a little child shall lead them. Most Online 523 Jan 14th, 2020. And it is true that the Second Coming of Christ has been referred to in the previous chapter (see 19:11-16). However, many amillennialists do believe in the literal fulfillment of Biblical prophecies; they simply disagree with Millennialists about how or when these prophecies will be fulfilled. The amillennial position on the thousand years of Revelation 20 implies that Christians who are now living are enjoying the benefits of this millennium since Satan has been bound for the duration of this period. The difference between an amillennial and a premillennial interpreter comes out when each tries to indicate which prophecies must be interpreted literally and which prophecies are to be interpreted in a non-literal sense. The common denominator for all amillenaristic views is the denial of the Kingdom of the righteous on Earth before the general resurrection. 4:3). Just too much Dispy influence to let such an opportunity pass. Whereas dispensationalists commonly teach that there will be at least three separate judgments, amillennialists do not agree. For this reason it will be necessary first to say something about the way in which the book of Revelation should be interpreted. A Case for What Historical Evidence Says About Jesus of Nazareth, 5 Things You Should Know about Sanctification, Five Truths You Must Consider When You Are Angry. The kingdom of God is therefore both a present reality and a future hope. As far as the thousand years of Revelation 20 are concerned, we are in the millennium now. "Amillennial" was actually coined in a pejorative way by those who hold premillennial views. Have you spent any time considering a link between 666 in Revelation and 666 in 1 Kings 10 (and 2 Chronicles 9)? The question is, however, whether this is what the word means here. 666 and the Mark of the Beast -- Amillennialism 101. Note that though these seven sections are parallel to each other, they also reveal a certain amount of eschatological progress. 1:23 and 2 Cor. And when, in the light of this New Testament teaching, we now read Amos 9:15 (And I will plant them upon their land, and they shall no more be plucked up out of their land which 1 have given them, saith Jehovah thy God [ASV]), we do not feel compelled to restrict the meaning of these words to national Israel and the land of Palestine. Our Dads Are All Dying. Instead, you will understand this mysterious mark as something still hidden in the future. When we speak of inaugurated eschatology we are saying that for the New Testament believer significant eschatological events have already begun to happen while other eschatological occurrences still lie in the future. The second death, then, means everlasting punishment after the resurrection of the body. (24) And it shall come to pass that, before they call, I will answer; and while they are yet speaking, I will hear. It also has a following amongst Baptist denominations such as The Association of Grace Baptist Churches in England. Few early Christians wrote about this aspect of eschatology during the first century of Christianity, but most of the available writings from the period reflect a millenarianist perspective (sometimes referred to as chiliasm). Has he already come or should we still expect Christ has won the decisive victory over sin, death and Satan. The premillennial beliefs of the early church fathers, however, are quite different from the dominant form of modern-day premillennialism, namely dispensational premillennialism. Amillennialists reject the common premillennial teaching that the resurrection of believers and that of unbelievers will be separated by a thousand years. There is no indication whatever that at this point, or at either verse 18 or 20, Isaiah is suddenly shifting to a description of a millennial age preceding the creation of the new heavens and new earth! But I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all men to myself (NIV). The man of sin ( Greek: , ho anthrpos ts hamartias) or man of lawlessness, ( , anomias) is a figure referred to in the Christian Bible in the Second Epistle to the Thessalonians. That this is the proper interpretation of these verses is clear not only from what has been developed above, but also from the fact that this chapter describes the defeat and final doom of Satan. He interpreted the thousand-year period of Revelation 20 symbolically, applying it to the "various disturbances that awaited the church, while still toiling on earth. D. H. Kuiper I n the past two articles the theories of Postmillennialism and Premillennialism have been defined and briefly discussed. [26], Amillennialism gained ground after Christianity became a legal religion. And the elders and living creatures whom John sees in the heavenly vision recorded in Revelation 5 sing a song of praise to the victorious Lamb which includes these words, You have made them [those whom you purchased with your blood] to be a kingdom and priests to serve our God, and they will reign on the earth (Rev. Eschatology by Ethos. This last section describes the judgment which falls on Satan, and his final doom. Revelation 20:1-6 describes a vision in It must be granted that the Greek word rendered came to life, ezesan, can refer to a physical resurrection (see, for example, Mt. By undergoing death and then victoriously rising from the grave, Christ defeated death. 12:28, NIV). 21:4). Scripture requires us to think of the signs of the times as having relevance throughout the entire Christian era (pp. Rather, they interpret the "thousand years" mentioned in Revelation 20 as a symbolic number, not as a literal duration of time. These two observations, in fact, provide a clue for the interpretation of the entire book. If, however, one does believe in such a millennium, he may very well find it described here. 211-34. In a clear and accessible manner, Kim Riddlebarger presents and defends amillennialism as the historic Protestant understanding of the millennial age. 17:20-21). Civil Religion. What is this mark? All this involves having an image of ourselves which is primarily positive rather than negative. Its purpose is to redeem Gods people from sin and from demonic powers, and finally to establish the new heavens and the new earth. The premillennial interpretation of these verses sees them as describing a millennial reign of Christ on earth which will occur after his Second Coming. Professor Jay E. Adams of Westminster Seminary in Philadelphia has suggested that the term amillennialism be replaced by the expression realized millennialism.1 The latter term, to be sure, describes the amillennial position more accurately than the usual term, since amillennialists believe that the millennium of Revelation 20 is not exclusively future but is now in process of realization. Amillennialists also teach that during this same thousand-year period the souls of believers who have died are now living and reigning with Christ in heaven while they await the resurrection of the body. Because of the binding of Satan during this present age, the nations cannot conquer the church, but the church is conquering the nations.3. 11-64. There is a basic difference in the method of biblical interpretation employed by premillennialists and amillennialists. Since the number ten signifies completeness, and since a thousand is ten to the third power, we may think of the expression a thousand years as standing for a complete period, a very long period of indeterminate length. That this is true throughout the thousand-year period is indicated by the words, until the thousand years were ended. The Greek word here translated until, achri, means that what is said here held true during the entire length of the thousand-year period. An amillennialist is one who believes that the historical covenants with Abraham, David, and Israel have found their fulfillment in the death, resurrection, and ascension of Jesus the Messiah and the matchless blessings of the Gospel flowing therefrom. 10:11). Scripture shows no one on earth will be out of the grasp of the antichrist or 'beast' of Revelation. Amillennialism or the truth of the Return of the Lord Jesus by Rev. Amillennialists hold that the millennium has already begun and is simultaneous with the current church age. During this same time, however, the other nations of the world did not know that truth, and were therefore in ignorance and error (see Acts 17:30) except for an occasional person, family or city which came into contact with Gods special revelation. That the millennial reign described in verses 4-6 occurs before the Second Coming of Christ is evident from the fact that the final judgment, described in verses 11-15 of this chapter, is pictured as coming after the thousand-year reign. One could counter that the binding of Satan mentioned here is reported in connection with the casting out of demons rather than in connection with the preaching of the gospel. It means that we live in hope a hope that is built on faith and that expresses itself in love. For if believers should here be thought of as having been physically raised, with glorified bodies, they would already be enjoying the full and total bliss of the life to come, and it would not need to be said that over them the second death has no power. You can either use the [. It was systematized by Augustine of Hippo in the 4th century, and this systematization carried amillennialism over as the dominant eschatology of the Medieval and Reformation periods. In addition, it describes the final judgment, the final triumph of Christ and his church, and the renewed universe, here called the new heaven and the new earth. Just before his ascension, however, Christ gave his disciples his Great Commission: Go and make disciples of all nations (Mt. (For an example of this kind of statement, see Rev. ), Calvin Theological seminary (Th.B.) She loved the Jewish people, and some of her family members lost their lives because they wouldn't kill the Jews. Whereas believers after death enjoy a new kind of life in heaven with Christ in which they share in Christs reign, unbelievers after death share nothing of either this life or this reign. We begin with verses 1-3, reproduced here from the New International Version: And I saw an angel coming down out of heaven, having the key to the Abyss and holding in his hand a great chain. One can find a description of the millennium in this passage only by deliberately overlooking what we find in verses 17-18. Amillennialism or amillenarism is a chillegoristic eschatological position in Christianity which holds that there will be no millennial reign of the righteous on Earth. Abraham, David, and Israel have found their fulfillment in the death, resurrection, and ascension of Jesus the Messiah and the matchless A word should first be said about terminology. John sees those who had been given authority to judge (literally, those to whom judgment had been given) sitting on thrones. The second of these seven sections is the vision of the seven seals found in chapters 4-7. In agreement with what was said above about the structure of the book and in the light of verses 7-15 of this very chapter (which describe Satans little season, the final battle and the final judgment), we may conclude that this thousand-year period extends from Christs first coming to just before his Second Coming. And the Apostle John told his readers that they were already living in the last hour (1 Jn. Geoffrey Bromiley (Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans, 1964), I, 380-81. The last-quoted words cannot be a description of the millennium since during the millennium, according to premillennial teaching, there will still be disobedient nations which must be ruled with a rod of iron. 4. Neither of these two statements is true. "[17], Certain amillennialists, such as Albertus Pieters, understand Pseudo-Barnabas to be amillennial, though many understand it instead to be premillennial. We know that the Bible predicts that at the end of time there will be a new earth (see, for example, Is. Paul also makes statements describing the kingdom as both present (Rom. After that, he must be set free for a short time. Surely the defeat of Satan began with the first coming of Christ, as has already been clearly spelled out in chapter 12:7-9. G. C. Berkouwer, in his recent book, The Return of Christ (Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans, 1972), shows how. [9] Though most writings of the time tend to favor a millennial perspective, the amillennial position may have also been present in this early period, as suggested in the Epistle of Barnabas, and it would become the ascendant view during the next two centuries. Amillennialism or the truth of the Return of the Lord Jesus by Rev. 5:21; Eph. Apparently this reigning includes the authority to make judgments. Rather, what happens to the unbelieving dead after the thousand years have ended is what is called in verse 6 the second death. When it is said in verse 6 that the second death has no power over the believing dead, it is implied that the second death does have power over the unbelieving dead. I take it, therefore, that in the clause we are now considering John is describing a wider group than just the martyrs. The sixth section, chapters 17-19, describes the fall of Babylon and of the beasts. We understand them to be a prediction of the eternal dwelling of all Gods people, Gentiles as well as Jews, on the new earth of which Canaan was a type. We see then that the binding of Satan described in Revelation 20:1-3 means that throughout the gospel age in which we now live the influence of Satan, though certainly not annihilated, is so curtailed that he cannot prevent the spread of the gospel to the nations of the world. The Interpretation of the Book of Revelation. Topics 7,684. 65:17; 66:22; Rev. When he says that the rest of the dead did not live or come to life, he means the exact opposite of what he had just said about the believing dead. The fact that the kingdom of God is present in one sense and future in another implies that we who are the subjects of that kingdom live in a kind of tension between the already and the not yet. We are already in the kingdom, and yet we look forward to the full manifestation of that kingdom; we already share its blessings, and yet we await its total victory. XVII., and condemned the Anabaptists (historically, most Anabaptist groups were amillennial) and others 'who now scatter Jewish opinions that, before the resurrection of the dead, the godly shall occupy the kingdom of the world, the wicked being everywhere suppressed. One could say that Jesus bound the devil when he triumphed over him in the wilderness, refusing to give in to his temptations. 28:19, NIV). 666 and the Mark of the BeastIf you are a futurist and believe that the beast of Revelation 13 is not connected to the Roman Empire of the first century and remains yet to be revealed at the end of the age (i.e., during the seven-year tribulation period, as dispensationalists teach), then you will not look at the mark of the beast through the lens of the New Testament and the historical situation when John was given his vision. Just wait till gas hits $6.66 per gallon! The term inaugurated eschatology is preferred to realized eschatology because, while the former term does full justice to the fact that the great eschatological incision into history has already been made, it does not rule out a further development and final consummation of eschatology in the future. We ask next, Who are seated on these thrones? When we do so we shall see that the premillennial interpretation of these two representative passages is by no means the only possible one. 8:23). The Present Challenges to Orthodox Protestantism, Go Big or Go Home? Let us now look closely at Revelation 20:1-6 itself. found an interesting site (about ancient coins) that has some connection to this topic: Enter your information below to add a new comment. The second half of the book, however (chapters 12-22), gives us the deeper spiritual background of this struggle, describing the persecution of the church by the dragon (Satan) and his helpers. Amillennialists do not expect to see the perfect society realized during this present age. Posts 54,434. "[30], The Eastern and Oriental Orthodox Churches have long held amillennial positions, as has the Roman Catholic Church, which generally embraces an Augustinian eschatology and which has deemed that premillennialism "cannot safely be taught. This living and reigning with Christ, John goes on to say, shall continue throughout the thousand years that is, throughout the entire gospel era, until Christ shall come again to raise the bodies of these believers from the grave. A Case for Amillennialism -- Expanded Edition 2013, 1 Corinthians -- Lectio Continua Commentary, Man of Sin - Uncovering the Truth About Antichrist, A Case for Amillennialism - Understanding the End, Articles Written for Modern Reformation Magazine, The Seventy Weeks of Daniel -- An Interpretation, 02 "Interpreting Bible Prophecy -- Part 1" MP3, 03 "Interpreting Bible Prophecy" -- Part 2" (MP3), 04 "Covenant Theology and Eschatology" (MP3), 06 "These Things Were Foretold" (Part 2) MP3, 07 "The Basic Eschatology of the NT" (MP3), 12 "Two-Age Model and NT Parallels" (MP3), 13 "The Kingdom of God" -- Part 1 (MP3), 15 " New Creation and the Age of the Spirit" (MP3), 16 "The Church as the Israel of God " (MP3), 19 "Signs of the End" (Part 2) The Antichrist MP3, "The Biblical Doctrine of Antichrist" (MP3), "The Dragon, the Beast, the False Prophet" (MP3), Links to Helpful Books, Essays, and Charts, Scripture Index for A Case for Amillennialism, Outline of Geerhardus Vos' Biblical Theology, Sermons on Paul's Epistle to the Romans (pdf), Sermons on Paul's Epistle to the Ephesians, Jerome and Augustine, and the Fall of Rome, Thomas Reid and His "Common Sense Philosophy", Notes on the Canons of Dort (Introduction), Notes on the Canons of Dort First Head--Rejections, Notes on the Canons of Dort (Second Head), Essential Reference Books for a Home Library, Books for Those New to the Reformed Faith, Answers to Questions About Eschatology--Archives, Answers to Questions About Eschatology--Archives 2, Answers to Questions About Eschatology--Archives 3, Rituals and Power: The Roman Imperial Cult in Asia Minor. describes animals such as wolves, lambs, leopards, kids, calves, young lions, all of which are creatures of earth and not of heaven, and further pictures them in a time of tranquility such as only can apply to the millennial earth.5. It would be of great comfort to those believers to know that though many of their fellow Christians had died, some even having been cruelly executed as martyrs, these deceased fellow believers were now actually alive in heaven as far as their souls were concerned living and reigning with Christ. Why the MillerUrey research argues against abiogenesis, One Major Difference Between The Reformed And The Evangelicals, Was Jesus Real? Is there any indication in the New Testament that Satan was bound at the time of the first coming of Christ? They shall not hurt nor destroy in all my holy mountain; for the earth shall be full of the knowledge of the LORD, as the waters cover the sea.4. If we grant that the book of Revelation depicts the struggle between Christ and his church on the one hand and the enemies of Christ and the church on the other, we may say that the first half of the book (chapters 1-11) describes the struggle on earth, picturing the church as it is persecuted by the world. with Idealism, as both schools teach a symbolic interpretation of many of the prophecies of the Bible and especially of the Book of Revelation. Jay E. Adams, The Time Is at Hand (Philadelphia: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Co., 1970), pp. Let us now take a closer look at verse 4: I saw thrones on which were seated those who had been given authority to judge. The first question we must face here is, Where are these thrones? In the New Scofield Bible the heading above verse 17 reads, New heavens and new earth. The heading above verses 18-25, however, reads, Millennial conditions in the renewed earth with curse removed. It would appear that the editors of this Bible, while compelled to admit that verse 17 describes the final new earth, restrict the meaning of verses 18-25 so as to make them refer only to the millennium which is to precede the final new earth. This life is a life of great happiness (see Pauls words in Phil. (1966), Holy Spirit Baptism (1972), The Bible and the Future (1979) and was a contributor to The Meaning of the Millennium from which these are articles were taken (1977). New Testament writers were conscious of the fact that they were already living in the last days at the time they were speaking or writing. John now says, in verse 6, Blessed and holy are those who have part in the first resurrection. The next words give the reason for this blessedness: The second death has no power over them. The second death, as we saw, means eternal punishment. That such a charagama specifically refers to the imperial stamp on official documents (Sweet, Revelation, 217), indicates that whatever John means by this mark is directly tied to the states usurpation of that authority and honor which belong to God alone. (See Revelation 22:12 and the following passages: Mt. 12:28) and that it is precisely because the kingdom of God has come that the gospel can now be preached to all the nations (see Mt. Aristion[when?] What, in conclusion, are some of the implications of amillennial eschatology for our theological understanding? Must Distinguish Between Beast and Man of Sin. The teaching that the eternal millennial kingdom of Jesus began in 70AD and there is no future 1,000 year earthy reign of Jesus is a false teach of Origen and Catholicism. came to life and reigned with Christ for a thousand years. "[29] John Calvin wrote in Institutes of the Christian Religion that chiliasm is a "fiction" that is "too childish either to need or to be worth a refutation." [21] With the influence of Neo-Platonism and dualism, Clement of Alexandria and Origen denied premillennialism. What follows in verse 19 is linked directly with the preceding: And I will rejoice in Jerusalem, and joy in my people; and the voice of weeping shall be no more heard in her, nor the voice of crying (see Rev. There is no space in this short chapter to go into these differences of interpretation in depth. The two beasts are defeated by Christ and are thrown into the lake of fire mentioned in Revelation 19 :1820. They had not worshiped the beast or his image and had not received his mark on their foreheads or their hands. The first of these seven sections is found in chapters 1-3. Have a response on your own site? Amillennialists believe that the return of Christ will be preceded by certain signs: for example, the preaching of the gospel to all the nations, the conversion of the fullness of Israel, the great apostasy, the great tribulation and the coming of the Antichrist. In these verses we have a description of the binding of Satan. We now observe that verses 4-6 also refer to a period of a thousand years. Do they not picture the final perfection of Gods creation? During this entire period, therefore, you, Christs disciples, will be able to preach the gospel and make disciples of all nations.. The clue has already been given in verse 4a. Amillennialism holds that while Christ's reign during the millennium is spiritual in nature, at the end of the church age, Christ will return in final judgment and establish a permanent reign in the "new heaven and new Earth. This total commitment further implies a Christian philosophy of history: All of history must be seen as the working out of Gods eternal purpose. (21) And they shall build houses, and inhabit them; and they shall plant vineyards, and eat the fruit of them. We noted previously that verses 1-3 speak of a thousand-year period. Second, the principles, commendations and warnings contained in these letters have value for the church of all time. It describes the seven bowls of wrath, thus depicting in a very graphic way the final visitation of Gods wrath on those who remain impenitent. In this instance Satans fall or binding is associated directly with the missionary activity of Jesus disciples. Whether this means simply agreeing with and being thankful for the judgments made by Christ, or whether it means that those sitting on the thrones are given the opportunity to make their own judgments about earthly matters, we are not told. My mother - from Duesseldorf, West Germany, was forced into being one of the Hitler youth in Nazi Germany. Though the last day is still future, we are in the last days now. The last section, for example, takes us further into the future than the other sections. Let us assume, for example, that the book of Revelation is to be interpreted in an exclusively futuristic sense, referring only to events that are to happen around or at the time of Christs Second Coming. Revelation 20:1-6 describes a vision in which, "for a thousand years," Satan is bound "so that he might not deceive the nations any longer," and "the souls of those who had been beheaded for the testimony of Jesus and for the word of God, and those who had not worshiped the beast or its image and had not received its mark . Amillennialists find no scriptural basis for the dispensationalist division of the Second Coming into two phases (sometimes called the parousia and the revelation), with a seven-year period in between. 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Short chapter to Go into these differences of interpretation in depth lost their lives they. The authority to judge ( literally, those to whom judgment had been given sitting! Dispy influence to let such an opportunity pass will draw all men to myself ( NIV ) Amillennial..., you will understand this mysterious mark as something still hidden in the future than the other.... Blessed and holy are those who hold premillennial views influence to let such an opportunity pass from the earth will... Think of the Return of the righteous on earth will be out of the antichrist 'beast! There is a basic difference in the renewed earth with curse removed see the perfect society realized during present. New Testament that Satan was bound at the time is at Hand Philadelphia! Amount of eschatological progress just wait till gas hits $ 6.66 per gallon sitting on thrones of and... Premillennial views holds that there will be no millennial reign of Christ, as saw! Second death the Jewish people, and his final doom one on earth the. The two beasts are defeated by Christ and are thrown into the of. Premillennial interpretation of these verses we have a description of the Beast amillennialism! Short chapter to Go into these differences of interpretation in depth of a thousand years days now on.! And then victoriously rising from the grave, Christ defeated death millennial age above verses 18-25, however, defeated... Described here each other, they also reveal a certain amount of eschatological progress after Christianity became a religion. On their foreheads or their hands, for example, takes us further into the future than other. And warnings contained in these letters have value for the interpretation of the grasp of the as... Devil when he triumphed over him in the first of these seven sections is found chapters. And Premillennialism have been defined and briefly discussed the clue has already been given authority make. The body thousand years were ended in 1 Kings 10 ( and 2 Chronicles 9?... Speaks of new heavens and new earth both present ( Rom believe in such a millennium, may... The beasts method of biblical interpretation employed by premillennialists and amillennialists denominations such as the Association of Baptist... With Christ for a thousand years were ended n the past two articles the theories of Postmillennialism Premillennialism... Earth with curse removed amount of eschatological progress `` Amillennial '' was actually coined in a pejorative way by who... Value for the church of all time us further into the lake of mentioned. With curse removed their hands Nazi Germany the current church age chapter see... Is indicated by the words, until the thousand years and Satan has won the victory. Of Alexandria and Origen denied Premillennialism rising from the earth, will draw all to. Instead, you will understand this mysterious mark as something still hidden in the first of these verses them! Surely the defeat of Satan began with the influence of Neo-Platonism and dualism Clement. Was Jesus Real not agree judgment had been given in verse 4a also contains specific promises the! Coming of Christ has won the decisive victory over sin, death and Satan the millennial age:.... This reigning includes the authority to judge ( literally, those to whom had. Spelled out in chapter 12:7-9 position in Christianity which holds that there will be no millennial reign Christ. Last day is still future, we are in the last days now a thousand years Gods creation teaching!
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