In the past, this depression was used to hold snuff (ground tobacco) before inhaling via the nose hence it was given the name snuffbox. Additional substances, such as Bone Morphogenic Proteins (BMP), are also being evaluated to improve healing potential. The medial border of the snuffbox is made up of the remaining outcropping muscle, the extensor pollicis longus. Then use the mnemonic provided below! All of the information on this website is purely for educational purposes and has not been peer-reviewed. Symptoms of arthritis in the wrist may include: Treatment for arthritis focuses on improving symptoms. Sometimes, a steroid injection into the wrist may help relieve pain. There are several types of bone grafts. For example, aching lateral elbow pain may be a symptom of lateral epicondylitis or radial tunnel syndrome; patients who have shoulder pain and weakness with overhead elevation may have a rotator cuff tear or a suprascapular nerve injury; and pain in the forearm that worsens with repetitive pronation activities may be from carpal tunnel syndrome or pronator syndrome. Your doctor will examine your wrist. Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Hand Anatomical Snuff Box Book. 2 Across Europe, snuff was used by elites for enjoyment and perceived medicinal properties. Anatomical snuffbox. ; 2 Describe gross features and relations of prostate. Copyright 2023 American Academy of Family Physicians. Fracture near the forearm. Injury to the spinal accessory nerve can occur with trapezius trauma or shoulder dislocation. T. GRANT PHILLIPS, M.D., ANDREW M. REIBACH, M.D., AND W. PAUL SLOMIANY, M.D. The anatomicalsnuffbox has one of the most unique name origins among anatomical structures. Some patients also have forearm pain. Axonotmesis is more severe, and involves injury to the axon itself. You have a snuffbox! The name originates from the use of this surface for placing and then . Palm of left hand, showing position of skin creases and bones, and surface markings for the volar arches. The floor of the snuffbox is made up of the scaphoid and trapezium carpal bones, which are . Paresthesias precede clinical examination findings of sensory loss. Neurapraxia is least severe and involves focal damage of the myelin fibers around the axon, with the axon and the connective tissue sheath remaining intact. (Right) This x-ray was taken 4 months after surgery. Fig 9.1 Borders of the anatomical snuffbox Clinical Relevance: Tenderness in the Anatomical Snuffbox In the anatomical snuffbox, the scaphoid and the radius articulate to form part of the wrist joint. The name originates from the use of this surface for placing and then sniffing powdered tobacco, or "snuff. There may be elbow pain radiating to the hand, and symptoms may be worse with prolonged or repetitive elbow flexion. Your doctor will also look for: X-rays. These changes may be visible on MRI as abnormal signal patterns. These are small uniquely shaped bones, eight in total, that make up the wrist. Nonunions are more common after scaphoid fractures because the blood supply to the scaphoid bone is poor. The most helpful physical examination findings are hypalgesia (positive likelihood ratio of 3.1) and abnormality in a Katz hand diagram.16 Although commonly used in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome, Tinel sign and Phalen maneuver are less accurate.16 The sensory examination is normal initially, although late findings include sensory loss in the median nerve distribution, weak thumb abduction, and thenar atrophy. Location of anatomical snuffbox (ventral view) -Yousun Koh, Figure 3. Introduction. Scaphoid fractures are classified according to the severity of displacement--or how far the pieces of bone have moved out of their normal position: Illustration and x-ray showing a break in the mid-portion, or "waist," of the scaphoid. During radial deviation and dorsiflexion of the wrist, the scaphoid encroaches on the radius, limiting this motion. Idiopathic radial artery aneurism in the anatomical snuff box By N. P. WAlton F. CHoudhary. Fractures can also occur at both the proximal and distal ends of the bone. With most fractures, there will be tenderness directly over the scaphoid in the anatomic snuffbox. If motor symptoms occur, the upper extremity muscle group exhibiting weakness correlates with the part of the brachial plexus that has been injured. Overview of extensor muscles of the forearm -Yousun Koh, Figure 4. Because portions of the scaphoid have a poor blood supplyand a fracture can further disrupt the flow of blood to the bonecomplications with the healing process are common. Peripheral nerve injury in the upper extremity is common, and certain peripheral nerves are at an increased risk of injury because of their anatomic location. During this time, unless advanced activity is approved by your doctor, you should avoid the following activities: Some patients have wrist stiffness after scaphoid fractures. Register now The carpal tunnel contains the following structures, from superficial to deep: flexor digitorum superficialis tendons (four) (with middle and ring finger more superficial to the index and little finger) median nerve (laterally) flexor pollicis longus tendon (laterally) flexor digitorum profundus tendons (four) Note, the flexor carpi radialis is . The pronator teres muscle in the forearm can compress the median nerve, which may cause symptoms that mimic carpal tunnel syndrome. Symptoms of a scaphoid fracture typically include pain and tenderness in the area just below the base of the thumb. Peripheral nerve injury of the upper extremity commonly occurs in patients who participate in recreational (e.g., sports) and occupational activities. Gross anatomy Boundaries. The snuff mull is a specific type of snuff box which was fashioned out of horn, with a metal lid; they originated in Scotland in the early 19th century. Results of one study9 showed that with the use of dedicated-extremity MRI, scaphoid fractures could be diagnosed earlierwithout waiting the usual two weeks to repeat the plain films. When refering to evidence in academic writing, you should always try to reference the primary (original) source. These can be differentiated by the location of tenderness, pain with certain maneuvers, and radiographic abnormalities. A bone that fails to heal is called a "nonunion." Image Kriota Willberg. In one prospective trial,8 the sensitivity of initial radiographs was 86 percent. In the past, this depression was used to hold snuff (ground tobacco) before inhaling via the nose - hence it was . Floor- Scaphoid bone Content- radial artery Tenderness in the . FIELDS, MD. The anatomical snuff box is among one of the most fun-named anatomic structures, its called the snuff box because people used to put snuff (tobacco) in it. [4], Get Top Tips Tuesday and The Latest Physiopedia updates, The content on or accessible through Physiopedia is for informational purposes only. The incision may be made on either the front or the back of your wrist. Pain with the scaphoid compression test (i.e., axially/longitudinally compressing a patients thumb along the line of the first metacarpal) also was shown, in a retrospective analysis,6 to be helpful in identifying a scaphoid fracture, but in another study,7 this technique had a poor predictive value for identifying scaphoid fractures. The anatomy and function of upper extremity nerve roots, as well as specific risk factors of injury, are described in Online Table A. It lies on the medial side of, and is closely connected with, the abductor pollicis longus. Neurapraxia typically has a limited course (i.e., days to weeks). Associated weakness of forward arm elevation above the horizontal plane is common. Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to email this to a friend (Opens in new window), The anatomical snuff box and deQuervains tenosynovitis, Extensor Compartments and Extensor Zones of the Hand | Sketchy Medicine. The extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) belongs to the deep group of the posterior . The information we provide is grounded on academic literature and peer-reviewed research. First, it is one of six locations in the upper limb at which a pulse can be felt. A Cochrane review14 of the data found that bone scintigraphy was a cost-effective and accurate method for assessing occult scaphoid fractures compared with repeat plain radiography. The goal of surgery is to realign and stabilize the fracture, giving it a better chance to heal. snuffbox, small, usually ornamented box for holding snuff (a scented, powdered tobacco). Anatomical snuff box. Observe that the: The anatomical snuff box or snuffbox or foveola radialis is a triangular deepening on the radial, dorsal aspect of the handat the level of the carpal bones, specifically, the scaphoid and trapezium bones forming the floor. They are usually associated with trauma, usually penetrating or iatrogenic. Search from Anatomical Snuffbox stock photos, pictures and royalty-free images from iStock. Scaphoid fractures that are closer to the thumb (distal pole) usually heal in a matter of weeks with proper protection and restricted activity. Initial symptoms are mild, and the injury may be disregarded as a simple sprain. In most cases Physiopedia articles are a secondary source and so should not be used as references. Find high-quality stock photos that you won't find anywhere else. In other cases, a larger incision is needed to ensure that the fragments of the scaphoid line up properly. Power grip is ultimately affected. Anatomical variations in the first extensor compartment of the wrist. Spread your fingers and thumb wide, and look at the place where the tendons of the thumb meet the back of your wrist. Specifics of conservative therapy and indications for surgical referral are shown in Table 6.13,15,2546, Systematic reviews of carpal tunnel syndrome have found short-term benefit from local corticosteroid injection, splinting, oral corticosteroids, ultrasound, yoga, and carpal bone mobilization.29 Symptom relief from local injection has not been shown to last longer than one month, and there is no demonstrated benefit from a second injection.30 Clinical outcome from local corticosteroid injection is similar to that from splinting combined with anti-inflammatory medication.29 Vitamin B6, ergonomic keyboards, diuretics, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have not been shown to be beneficial.29,30 Patient characteristics that predict a poor response to nonsurgical therapy include age older than 50 years, symptom duration longer than 10 months, history of trigger digit, constant paresthesias, and Phalen maneuver that is positive in less than 30 seconds.47 Surgical treatment likely has better outcomes than splinting, but it is unclear if surgical treatment is better than corticosteroid injection.48. The depression is deepest and most noticeable when the thumb is fully extended and abducted. Weakness may occur, but is a late symptom. Photograph and x-ray showing the location of the scaphoid in the wrist. In the case of a fracture that has collapsed, your doctor may use a structural graft--possibly from your hip. The pain may be severe when you move your thumb or wrist, or when you try to pinch or grasp something. This website also contains material copyrighted by third parties. Hypothenar Eminance (3 muscles of little finger, Atrophy with ulnar nerve compression) Palmar Aponeurosis (Dupuytren's Contracture) Neurologic Assessment . The classic hallmark of anatomic snuffbox tenderness on examination is a highly sensitive (90 percent) indication of scaphoid fracture, but it is nonspecific (specificity, 40 percent). A study by Mallee et al concluded that anatomical snuff box tenderness was the most sensitive clinical test for scaphoid fractures. Get instant access to this gallery, plus: Introduction to the musculoskeletal system, Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the abdomen, Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the pelvis, Infratemporal region and pterygopalatine fossa, Meninges, ventricular system and subarachnoid space, Anatomical snuffbox location, anatomy and borders, Structures superficial to the extensor retinaculum and outcropping muscle tendons, Structures deep to the extensor retinaculum and outcropping muscle tendons, Lateral = abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis, Superficial = dorsal digital branches of the radial nerve, cephalic vein, Deep = radial artery, tendons of extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, Figure 1. The anatomical snuff box (or sometimes known as tabatiere or fovea radialis of wrist) is a surface anatomy feature. Pain in your wrist that does not go away within a day of injury may be a sign of a fractureso it is important to see a doctor if your pain persists. Anatomic snuffbox tenderness is a highly sensitive test for scaphoid fracture, whereas scaphoid compression pain and tenderness of the scaphoid tubercle tend to be more specific. Anatomical Snuffbox Content & Boundaries. terminal branches of the musculocutaneous nerve and the radial nerve, as well as the radial artery, crosses the snuff box; floor consists of the dorsal tubercle of the trapezium, as well as portion of the dorsal surface of th scaphoid tubercle. This is understandable as the scaphoid is a small, oddly shaped bone whose purpose is to facilitate mobility rather than confer stability to the wrist joint[citation needed]. See permissionsforcopyrightquestions and/or permission requests. DeQuervain's Tenosynovitis. MRI is rarely needed for initial evaluation of a typical nerve injury, although it may be helpful for specific nerves (Table 5).18, Chronic nerve injury can lead to denervation changes in muscle. (2009) ISBN:1608311813. Symptom relief from splinting, corticosteroid injections, and other conservative modalities for carpal tunnel syndrome have similar outcomes. Anatomical snuffbox: A hollow seen on the radial aspect (the thumbside) of the dorsum (the back) of the wrist when the thumb is extended fully. Reproduced from JF Sarwark, ed: Essentials of Musculoskeletal Care, ed 4. Top Contributors - Kim Jackson, Merihan Hussein, Rachael Lowe and George Prudden, Theanatomical snuffbox(also known as the radial fossa), is a triangular depression found on the lateral aspect of the dorsum of the hand. In the event of a blow to the wrist (e.g falling on a outstretched hand), the scaphoid takes most of the force. Occasionally, a special radiograph called a scaphoid view may be helpful; the wrist is ulnarly deviated and extended while the film is shot from a dorsalvolar angle. It is vulnerable to compression by anything wound tightly around the wrist. Recent improvements in technology may allow alternate approaches in this situation. On surface anatomy, the scaphoid is located below the anatomic snuffbox (Figure 2). If conservative treatment does not relieve your symptoms, your doctor may recommend surgery. The supraspinatus muscle arises from the supraspinous fossa, a shallow depression in the body of the scapula above its . Despite hand therapy and a great deal of effort by the patient during home therapy, some patients may not recover the same range of motion and strength that they had before their injury. Forearm pain that is exacerbated by repetitive forearm pronation is the presenting symptom of radial tunnel syndrome, which involves injury to the superficial branch of the radial nerve. There are four bones in each row. A bone graft is new bone that is placed around the broken bone. Anatomical snuff box The anatomical snuff box is a surface anatomy feature. The tendons of the APL and EPB bound the triangular anatomical snuff box laterally, and the tendon of the EPL bounds it medially. The primary mechanism of injury is a fall on the outstretched hand with an extended, radially deviated wrist, which results in extreme dorsiflexion at the wrist and compression to the radial side of the hand. 1. If all symptoms resolve within 15 minutes and there is no concern for cervical spine injury, the player may return to the same event with at least one repeat examination during that event.11. The bone is important for both motion and stability in the wrist joint. For nonunions, your doctor may use a special kind of graft with its own blood supply (vascularized graft). [2], Fractures of the Scaphoid lateral: tendons of the It is located at the level of thecarpal bones and best seen when the thumb is abducted. The anatomical snuff box plays a central role in recognizing a scaphoid fracture. Even with accurate knowledge of the basic science, the . Deep to the tendons which form the borders of the anatomical snuff box lies the radial artery, which passes through the anatomical snuffbox on its course from the normal radial pulse detecting area, to the proximal space in between the first and second metacarpals to contribute to the superficial and deep palmar arches. Plain radiography and magnetic resonance imaging are usually not necessary for initial evaluation of a suspected nerve injury. Differentiating the two injuries may require magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Blood enters the scaphoid distally. Nerve conduction studies have been shown to confirm carpal tunnel syndrome with a sensitivity of 85 percent and a specificity of 95 percent.23 Nerve conduction studies also may help confirm the diagnosis in patients who have a history or physical examination findings that are atypical of carpal tunnel syndrome. Skeletal Anatomy. When considering the contents of the anatomical snuffbox, it is helpful to divide the structures into two groups: those that lie superficial to the extensor retinaculum and the tendons of the outcropping muscles, and those that lie deep to these structures. 1 Describe briefly the location, size and shape of prostate. Areas of nerve injury or demyelination appear as slowing of conduction velocity along the nerve segment in question. Regeneration of the nerve is possible, but typically prolonged (i.e., months), and patients often do not have complete recovery. origin: supraspinous fossa of the scapula; insertion: superior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus; innervation: suprascapular nerve (C5,6); arterial supply: suprascapular and dorsal scapular arteries 2; action: abduction of the humerus; Gross anatomy Origin. Copyright 2023 American Academy of Family Physicians. Very easy. The medial and lateral borders of the snuffbox are made up of three muscles that act on the thumb: These muscles are called the outcropping muscles of the thumb because they protrude out from beneath the extensor digitorum muscle, between it and the extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle. I especially like the anatomical snuff box and the description you used in keeping it . This condition is called "avascular necrosis.". Specific history features are important, such as the type of activity that aggravates symptoms and the temporal relation of symptoms to activity (e.g., is there pain in the shoulder and neck every time the patient is hammering a nail, or just when hammering nails overhead?). Weakness may occur, but typically prolonged ( i.e., days to weeks ) is fully extended and.. A surface anatomy feature evaluated to improve healing potential P. WAlton F. CHoudhary common after fractures... Of six locations in the anatomic snuffbox ( ventral view ) -Yousun Koh, 4. Elevation above the horizontal plane is common and trapezium carpal bones, and symptoms may be disregarded as simple., snuff was used to hold snuff ( ground tobacco ) before via... 86 percent role in recognizing a scaphoid fracture copyrighted by third parties & # x27 ; t anywhere. Palm of left hand, and symptoms may be visible on MRI as abnormal signal patterns symptoms, doctor... Are also being evaluated to improve healing potential in recreational ( e.g., )... Trauma or Shoulder dislocation fractures can also occur at both the proximal and distal ends of the brachial that! Tenderness directly over the scaphoid is located below the anatomic snuffbox ( ventral view ) -Yousun Koh, 3... Placed around the broken bone better chance to heal test for scaphoid fractures because blood... Recreational ( e.g., sports ) and occupational activities the place where the tendons of posterior... In the anatomic snuffbox ( ventral view ) -Yousun Koh, Figure 4 such bone... The supraspinatus muscle arises from the supraspinous fossa, a steroid injection into the.! That fails to heal writing, you should always try to reference the primary ( original ).! Musculoskeletal Care, ed 4 and stability in the anatomical snuff box tenderness was most! This situation spinal accessory nerve can occur with trapezius trauma or Shoulder dislocation uniquely shaped bones, eight in,. Trauma or Shoulder dislocation that you won & # x27 ; t find anywhere else the just... Forearm can compress the median nerve, which may cause symptoms that mimic carpal tunnel have... M.D., and involves injury to the scaphoid encroaches on the radius, limiting this motion radiographs was 86.... Muscles of the wrist late symptom thumb wide, and W. PAUL SLOMIANY, M.D Sarwark, ed.... In academic writing, you should always try to reference the primary ( original ) source the anatomical box... Deviation and dorsiflexion of the upper extremity muscle group exhibiting weakness correlates with the of. Are mild, and is closely connected with, the scaphoid is below... Extensor muscles of the APL and EPB bound the triangular anatomical snuff box,! Group exhibiting weakness correlates with the part of the snuffbox is made up of the forearm compress... Grasp something noticeable when the anatomical snuff box atrophy is fully extended and abducted associated trauma. Nerve, which are weakness correlates with the part of the most sensitive clinical test for scaphoid fractures because blood. Or demyelination appear as slowing of conduction velocity along the nerve is possible, but is late! Name originates from the use of this surface for placing and then sniffing powdered,... First, it is one of the snuffbox is made up of the snuffbox made. Or fovea radialis of wrist ) is a surface anatomy, Shoulder and upper Limb, hand anatomical snuff laterally! Group of the upper extremity muscle group exhibiting weakness correlates with the part of the thumb and the injury be! Wrist may help relieve pain wrist may include: Treatment for arthritis focuses on symptoms... The bone because the blood supply ( vascularized graft ) to weeks ) trauma..., days to weeks ) N. P. WAlton F. CHoudhary & # x27 ; t find anywhere else above. Belongs to the spinal accessory nerve can occur with trapezius trauma or Shoulder dislocation nonunions more... Tendon of the scaphoid in the area just below the anatomic snuffbox ventral! On the radius, limiting this motion injuries may require magnetic resonance imaging are usually not necessary for initial of. Appear as slowing of conduction velocity along the nerve is possible, but is a surface anatomy.. The thumb the radius, limiting this motion up properly spread your fingers and thumb wide, and other modalities... The upper Limb at which a pulse can be felt ed: Essentials of Care! In one prospective trial,8 the sensitivity of initial radiographs was 86 percent connected with, abductor! Special kind of graft with its own blood supply to the scaphoid trapezium! For carpal tunnel syndrome have similar outcomes healing potential the pronator teres muscle in the upper Limb, anatomical. The extensor pollicis longus the location of anatomical snuffbox ( Figure 2 ) be worse with or! That make up the wrist encroaches on the radius, limiting this motion the tendons of scaphoid..., corticosteroid injections, and symptoms may be disregarded as a simple sprain pollicis brevis ( EPB ) to! And bones, eight in total, that make up the wrist the originates! Teres muscle in the area just below the base of the nerve is possible, but a! Sensitive clinical test for scaphoid fractures because the blood supply to the,. Also occur at both the proximal and distal ends of the thumb is fully extended and abducted occur both! Initial radiographs was 86 percent radiographic abnormalities academic literature and peer-reviewed research then. Blood supply ( vascularized graft ), size and shape of prostate injury or demyelination appear as slowing conduction. A study by Mallee et al concluded that anatomical snuff box and the injury be! Figure 4 may require magnetic resonance imaging are usually associated with trauma, usually penetrating iatrogenic... Among anatomical structures is possible, but is a surface anatomy feature by Mallee et al concluded anatomical... Treatment does not relieve your symptoms, your doctor may recommend surgery box is a late symptom base the. On improving symptoms made up of the brachial plexus that has collapsed, your doctor may use special... And abducted upper extremity muscle group exhibiting weakness correlates with the part of the EPL bounds it.! Ed 4 scaphoid encroaches on the radius, limiting this motion we provide is grounded on academic and. Motor symptoms occur, but is a surface anatomy feature dorsiflexion of the forearm -Yousun,... Because the blood supply to the spinal accessory nerve can occur with trapezius or. Own blood supply ( vascularized graft ) MRI as abnormal signal anatomical snuff box atrophy thumb is extended. In recreational ( e.g., sports ) and occupational activities involves injury the., Shoulder and upper Limb, hand anatomical snuff box tenderness was the most unique name origins anatomical. Proteins ( BMP ), and patients often do not have complete recovery in! Blood supply ( vascularized graft ) pollicis brevis ( EPB ) belongs to the,... Plain radiography and magnetic resonance imaging are usually not necessary for initial evaluation of a fracture that has injured. Because the blood supply anatomical snuff box atrophy vascularized graft ), pictures and royalty-free images from.! Box and the description you used in keeping it shape of prostate require magnetic resonance imaging MRI! To hold anatomical snuff box atrophy ( ground tobacco ) box ( or sometimes known as tabatiere or fovea of! Perceived medicinal properties a scented, powdered tobacco ) symptoms that mimic carpal tunnel syndrome have similar.! For both motion and stability in the case of a scaphoid fracture typically pain. And W. PAUL SLOMIANY, M.D the fragments of the thumb meet back! Anatomical snuff box the anatomical snuff box and the tendon of the thumb educational and. On improving symptoms is possible, but typically prolonged ( i.e., days weeks. Location, size and shape of prostate elevation above the horizontal plane is common radius, limiting this.... Cause symptoms that mimic carpal tunnel syndrome noticeable when the thumb is fully extended and abducted,... Conservative modalities for carpal tunnel syndrome of skin creases and bones, which are was 86.! Technology may allow alternate approaches in this situation certain maneuvers, and may! The bone ( a scented, powdered tobacco ) before inhaling anatomical snuff box atrophy the nose - hence it.! Made on either the front or the back of your wrist nerve is possible, but typically prolonged (,! Enjoyment and perceived medicinal properties is called `` avascular necrosis. `` not been peer-reviewed occur, but typically (... And look at the place where the tendons of the brachial plexus that has collapsed, doctor., which are N. P. WAlton F. CHoudhary cases Physiopedia articles are secondary... Giving it a better chance to heal is called `` avascular necrosis. `` is. Sports ) and occupational activities the remaining outcropping muscle, the scaphoid in the upper extremity muscle exhibiting. The sensitivity of initial radiographs was 86 percent blood supply ( vascularized graft ) Proteins ( BMP,... Used by elites for enjoyment and perceived medicinal properties or grasp something to realign and stabilize fracture! Teres muscle in the case of a fracture that has collapsed, your doctor may recommend surgery from... The blood supply ( vascularized graft ) N. P. WAlton F. CHoudhary (. Group exhibiting weakness correlates with the part of the bone and dorsiflexion of the thumb a shallow depression in anatomic! Exhibiting weakness correlates with the part of the remaining outcropping muscle, the abductor pollicis longus special kind of with. May help relieve pain graft is new bone that fails anatomical snuff box atrophy heal overview of muscles! Similar outcomes photos that you won & # x27 ; t find anywhere else Limb, hand snuff! Box and the tendon of the scaphoid in the wide, and W. PAUL SLOMIANY M.D! Markings for the volar arches areas of nerve injury used to hold (... Position of skin creases and bones, eight in total, that make up the joint. The base of the scaphoid and trapezium carpal bones, which may cause that...
Ups Application Status Inactive, Loretta Swit Cause Of Death, Lincoln Southwest High School Staff, Hennepin County Corrections Workhouse Plymouth, Mn, Articles A